RESUMEN
Businesses have been exposed to various challenges during the global pandemic. Unfortunately, the financially vulnerable groups in society are disproportionately affected by such a difficult time. Therefore, it is important for businesses to recognise this when creating new business models for sustainable corporate management. This paper attempts to (1) identify the factors that affect individual financial vulnerability, (2) develop survey items to assess financial vulnerability and its factors and (3) provide the characteristics of financially vulnerable groups by presenting a complete set of descriptive statistics. The results can help to create more inclusive business models that are better equipped to address the challenges ahead. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with collaboration with an NGO that provides a financial counselling service in Hong Kong. In total, 338 valid responses were collected and the data were used to characterise financially vulnerable groups in terms of (1) change in financial conditions due to COVID-19;(2) exposure to digitised financial services and related push marketing;(3) financial management ability;(4) changes in four financial behaviours and (5) financial vulnerability as measured according to the debt/service ratio. Results show that the respondents have a median debt/service ratio of 0.513, which represents an unsustainable level of debt. Around 1/4 of surveyed respondents reported that their debt/service ratio was 1 or even higher, indicating obvious difficulties in meeting financial obligations. A total of 36.7% of the respondents reported worsening financial conditions since the outbreak of COVID-19. The results presented provide a solid empirical set of data that will help future research work to examine and/or develop a heuristic financial vulnerability model that incorporates the key factors leading to it. Businesses can refer to them when creating new business models that are sustainable, able to meet corporate social responsibility goals and can achieve several targets/goals of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
RESUMEN
Spike protein plays a significant role in viral transmission, while main protease's role is in the replication of the virus. In this study, we screened in silico natural products compounds activity to inhibit two targets of spike proteins and main proteases. Our data were compared with hydroxychloroquine and X77, which have been demonstrated inhibitory activity of these targets, respectively. Our results showed that 12/59 compounds have a higher ability to inhibit main protease than X77 and 59/59 compounds have a higher ability to inhibit spike protein than hydroxychloroquine. Notably, four compounds with the most strongly inhibitory activity of main protease are amentoflavone, punigluconin, amarogentin, emblicanin A. We found seven compounds with the most powerful inhibitory ability of spike protein are amentoflavone, hesperidin, rutin, glycyrrhizin, myricitrin, puerarin, daidzein. Among these compounds, ADMET profile and Lipinski's rule of five criterion analysis suggested four compounds including amentoflavone, myricitrin, purerarin and daidzein have drug-likeness properties. Interestingly, amentoflavone is the natural compound with the highest inhibitory ability for main protease and spike protein, which may be further explored as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.